EL's+Logbook+Week+of+Nov+26


 * 11/26/07**


 * ===Information=== ||
 * ===What I did & Opinion=== ||
 * 1. I actually surf the internet to get new information, but I couldn't get any. So I just reviewed what I wrote on last week. ||
 * ===What I did & Opinion=== ||
 * 1. I actually surf the internet to get new information, but I couldn't get any. So I just reviewed what I wrote on last week. ||
 * 1. I actually surf the internet to get new information, but I couldn't get any. So I just reviewed what I wrote on last week. ||


 * 11/27/07**


 * ===Information=== ||
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

Prokaryotic cells
//Main article: Prokaryote// Diagram of a typical prokaryotic cellProkaryotes are distinguished from eukaryotes on the basis of nuclear organization, specifically their lack of a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotes also lack most of the intracellular organelles and structures that are characteristic of eukaryotic cells (an important exception is the ribosome, which are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells). Most functions of organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgi apparatus, are taken over by the prokaryotic plasma membrane. Prokaryotic cells have three architectural regions: appendages called flagella and pili— proteins attached to the cell surface; a cell envelope consisting of a capsule, a cell wall, and a plasma membrane; and a cytoplasmic region that contains the cell genome (DNA) and ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. Other differences include: * The //plasma membrane// (a phospholipid bilayer) separates the interior of the cell from its environment and serves as a filter and communications beacon. To memorize these two easily, remember prefix in the word. Pro -> before -> the develpment and the complexity of cell is not congruent as eukaryote cell. ||
 * Most prokaryotes have a //cell wall// (some exceptions are //Mycoplasma// (a bacterium) and //Thermoplasma// (an archaeon)). It consists of //peptidoglycan// in bacteria, and acts as an additional barrier against exterior forces. It also prevents the cell from "exploding" (cytolysis) from osmotic pressure against a hypotonic environment. A cell wall is also present in some eukaryotes like plants (cellulose) and fungi, but has a different chemical composition.
 * A prokaryotic chromosome is usually a circular molecule (an exception is that of the bacterium //Borrelia burgdorferi//, which causes Lyme disease). Even without a real //nucleus//, the DNA is condensed in a //nucleoid//. Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called //plasmids//, which are usually circular. Plasmids can carry additional functions, such as antibiotic resistance===Eukaryotic cells=== //Main article: Eukaryote// Diagram of a typical eukaryoticcell, showing subcellular components. Organelles: (1) nucleolus(2) nucleus(3) ribosome(4) vesicle (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum(ER) (6) Golgi apparatus (7) Cytoskeleton (8) smooth ER (9) mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytoplasm (12) lysosome (13) centrioles within centrosomeEukaryotic cells are about 10 times the size of a typical prokaryote and can be as much as 1000 times greater in volume. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take place. Most important among these is the presence of a cell nucleus, a membrane-delineated compartment that houses the eukaryotic cell's DNA. It is this nucleus that gives the eukaryote its name, which means "true nucleus". Other differences include:
 * The plasma membrane resembles that of prokaryotes in function, with minor differences in the setup. Cell walls may or may not be present.
 * The eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear molecules, called chromosomes, which are associated with histone proteins. All chromosomal DNA is stored in the //cell nucleus//, separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. Some eukaryotic organelles also contain some DNA.
 * Eukaryotes can move using //cilia// or //flagella//. The flagella are more complex than those of prokaryotes. ||
 * ===What I did & Opinion=== ||
 * 1. I learned the difference between Prokaryotic, Eukaryote cells.
 * 1. I learned the difference between Prokaryotic, Eukaryote cells.

I'll take a picture of machine when the time allows in the future. I learned how it functions. ||
 * 11/28/07**
 * ===Information=== ||
 * ===What I did & Opinion=== ||
 * 1. I went to Notre Dame today, and took a glance of DNA sequence analysis machine...
 * ===What I did & Opinion=== ||
 * 1. I went to Notre Dame today, and took a glance of DNA sequence analysis machine...
 * 1. I went to Notre Dame today, and took a glance of DNA sequence analysis machine...